Characteristics of tea Essay

The issue of healthy life styles has considerably contributed to marketing and is becoming an important factor of modern lives. Today many companies claim potential health benefits from tea drinking. Consequently, big suppliers concentrated on the health awareness of consumers and have positioned their marketing strategies to maximise this potential. For instance, Tetley has teamed up with St. Ivel and Warburtons to develop a website aimed at healthy living. In 2002 PG Tips’ packaging has been redesigned to emphasise ‘healthy’ characteristics of tea. It informs the consumer that tea is an antioxidant source. Antioxidant in tea, so-called ‘flavonoids’, are supposedly vital for a healthy diet. On the other hand, researchers from the University Dental Hospital of Manchester have found out that certain teas [especially herbal tea] may destroy teeth by dissolving enamel [Published in the Journal of Dentistry and Daily Mail 19/11/2001]. In addition to emphasising health issues, KJM foods will differentiate by tapping into another human need: relaxation and peace. The pace of life is accelerating and nowadays many people complain about very fast and hectic lifestyles. People in today’s world barely have any time to relax or be for themselves. Advertising messages should play upon this lack of time and freedom and emphasize on the ‘relaxing ritual’ of brewing tea and enjoying ‘a cuppa’. According to Mintel, consumers are increasingly willing to pay for products and services which provide them with more free time and which make life easier. There is an overall trend to be noticed: one takes a salary cut back in order to have more time, or moves into suburbs to live quieter, people escape into nature, explore the world of ‘Yoga’, take part in ‘Relaxation classes’, do ‘Aromatherapy’ and so on. ‘SOUL’ tea perfectly fits into this new lifestyle trend and its advertising and packaging will emphasize SOUL’s relaxing character and explain that different infusion times will have different effects. For example, the packaging will instruct to increase infusion time in order to change the usual effects of tea into strongly relaxing and soothing effects. This is a niche the other big brands are not considering at present. The ‘Brand Steering Wheel’ by ‘Icon Brand Navigation Ltd. ‘ as per appendix 4 summarizes the desired perception of SOUL by its target groups. It shows all aspects of the brand’s identity and will be used in this report as a future-oriented positioning platform supporting to drive KJM’s marketing and copy strategy.

Peckham Library: A Case Study

Peckham Library. Case Study. Introduction. Peckham Library is a library and community edifice situated in Peckham, southeast London. Peckham Library opened to the populace on 8 March 2000, with an official gap by Mr. Chris Smith, secretary of State for civilization, media and athletics. The library was designed by Mr. Will Alsop from Alsop & A ; Stormer Company and it received the 2000 Stirling Award for architectural invention. It besides won the Civic Trust Award ( April 2002 ) for excellence in public architecture, along with the London Eye and Tate Modern and the Copper Cladding Award for it’s vivid Cu outside. The edifice looks like an upside-down capital missive ‘L’ , with the upper portion supported by thin steel pillars set at random angles. The edifice includes meeting suites, children’s countries and the library. There is besides an Afro-Caribbean subdivision which attracts many visitants. Peckham Library is one of the busiest and most visited libraries, with about half a million visitants a twelvemonth and over 245,000 issued points. The library was designed to be dramatic, to do people funny about what lies indoors and to dispute the traditional position of libraries as staid and serious environments. The building of the library cost 5 million lbs, including 1,25 million signifier Single Regeneration Budget plan. This plan besides covered the creative activity of new low-rise lodging //9 a mixture of owner-occupied and societal lodging ) , Peckham Pulse Healthy Living Center, Peckham Square and Peckham Arch. Peckham Library is considered to be one of the best 5 l ibraries, along with libraries in Zurich, Chicago, Copenhagen and Amsterdam. Southwark council, ( Peckham country council ) , tries to agitate off the violent image of the country with usher to draw in tourers, that is why constructing like Peckham Library were built.In the 1890ss, Southwark was the ssecond most disadvantaged council country in England, and Peckham was one of its worst countries. Housing was hapless, unemployment high and the GCSE base on balls rate was a 3rd of the national norm. The country used to hit the headlines for it’s less wholesome reputes as a hot spot for offense, or cheapjack public lodging. Roger Young, caput of the reclamation squad stated: â€Å"We don’t pretend that the topographic point is perfect, but what we are stating is that there is a batch traveling on here that people should come and see. What people hear about the country comes from flooring headlines, but we have some first material here. Peckham has a electrifying mixture of civilizations, history and architecture† . The undertaking was finished by 1998 and it formed a new inner-city place in London southeast territory of Peckham. Other well-known undertakings of Alsop and Stormer are the North Greenwich station in London and a ferry terminus in Hamburg. The end of this, ( Peckham Library ) edifice was to excite, pull and pull people’s attending so they would get down interweaving with the Library. The library clears at 9am and closes 8pm and includes 70 grownup reading infinites, free cyberspace entree, word processing installations and handicapped entree lavatories. There are many events during the hebdomad which pull local people to the library, such as 1 ) vocalizing Sessionss for kids every Monday 2 ) babe and yearling Sessionss every Tuesday 3 ) book nine Sessionss every Wednesday 4 ) prep aid bead in for kids every Wednesday 5 ) over 50s nine every first Friday of every month Peckham Library has become a really popular topographic point and has reduced the hooliganism around the country. Mr Alsop said in a inquiry: â€Å"If you build a semi-decent edifice, it will non pull vandalism† . Air. Air is the unseeable gaseous substance environing the Earth, a mixture chiefly of O and N. ( Picture of composing of air ) Air travels from countries of high force per unit area to low force per unit area. ( image of how the air moves in a room ) Peckham Library has 22 Windowss which are most of the times shut. The edifice has no air-conditioning, therefore it is of course ventilated. There is shadowing in many different countries around the edifice ; therefore the Sun visible radiation can non easy go through through.This sort of airing is named inactive chilling The concrete frame of the edifice, which is exposed to the soffit, besides helps with the airing, because cross airing occurs and helps the concrete in footings of the air temperature, which prevents heat from come ining the inside ( heat addition bar ) . The window panels, which are laminated with four different movie beds with different coloring material movie, are really utile themselves, because during winter they help to maintain the cold air off and the warm air to stay inside the edifice. However the Windowss can be easy opened, because a library is a topographic point with many people and it needs a certain sum of air so it won’t acquire smothering. The edifice has a radiation system on the walls and the floor, so the room gets a certain sum of warm air during winter clip. ( Diagram of the conditions in the UK ) Pulling figure 1. ( In the floor ) . Pulling figure 2. ( in the wall ) . Light. The Windowss in the ceiling and the Windowss on the sides of the edifice let a large sum of visible radiation to come indoors, but unreal visible radiation is besides used because there is non adequate visible radiation during winter clip or in the early forenoons and late eventides. During my first visit I’ve noticed that the visible radiations in the library were switched on and some of the bulbs which are set in the high ceiling were consecutive illuming the country. The visible radiation made the infinite more pleasant for the visitants and easier to read. Some visible radiations were more inside the ceiling and surrounded by a mirroring consequence, which helps the visible radiation to distribute across the room. This shows that Mr. Aslop was non trusting on natural lighting, as the edifice has 300 visible radiation bulbs. If the visible radiations in the library of all time needed to be changed, it would take four yearss for the work to be done. The closing angered Southwark council leader Stephanie Elsy stated: â€Å"This is merely non acceptable and we ca n't let it to go on again† she said. â€Å"It ‘s quite unbelievable that it has to be closed to make everyday care work. I ca n't believe this is the lone approach† . ( Light around my edifice ) Pulling figure 3. ( speedy drawing of the visible radiations in the 4th floor of the edifice ) ( Pulling of the Windowss on the left side of the Peckham Library edifice ) ( Free manus drawing of how the visible radiation comes in the flat four of the edifice ) Land. Land is the solid surface of the Earth. Earth is made out of many things. Deep inside Earth, near its centre, lays Earth ‘s nucleus, which is largely made up of Ni and Fe. Above the nucleus is Earth ‘s mantle, which is made out of stone that contains Si, Fe, Mg, aluminum, O and other minerals. The bouldery surface bed of Earth, called the crust, is made out of O, Si, aluminum, Fe, Ca, Na, K and Mg. Earth ‘s surface is chiefly covered with liquid H2O and the ambiance is chiefly nitrogen and O, with smaller sums of C dioxide, H2O vapour and other gases. Land is really of import to the procedure of constructing a edifice. Before the planning of a edifice, designers and contrivers are being asked to mensurate out the site and to turn up the piping and electricity. It is besides known that if person wants to cognize about what type of land has an country, he has to look at the old houses at the peculiar country. In old old ages builders used stuffs that were easy found around the country they were construct the house. Peckham Library on the other manus, is modern and futuristic and at first glimpse, it doesn’t look to be the same as the edifices around it. It is made out of concrete, metal, Cu and glass, while the edifices around are made out of bricks. The designer used these specific stuffs both to do it outstand and suit into the country at the same clip. ( Picture of earth’s stuffs ) All the stuffs that are used to construct a edifice semen from Earth. Peckham library is made out of: 1 ) Copper cladding steel [ used on the bulk of the outside ( South, East, West and roof ) ] . ( Picture of Cu on its first signifier ) ( Copper at Peckham Library ) 2 ) Glass ( both field and fluorescent, used for Windowss and doors ) . ( Picture of glass at Peckham Library ) ( Pulling of the Indian Sandstone Paving outside Peckham Library, at the front side ) 3 ) Metallic element ( used for the shells and the back uping columns on the Plaza ) . ( Picture of the back uping columns ) A important part of the constructions exterior is covered in Cu steel. Traditionally copper steel is being used chiefly for pipes ; nevertheless the Cu supplied by TECU, a German fabrication company, is used in an unconventional mode in Peckham Library. Alsop’s design required a stuff that would be cheerful but challenging hence TECU ®-Patina supplied the green horizontal sheet cladding which has a really typical visual aspect. By utilizing sheet stuff, Alsop was able to hold the stuff cut in to linear signifiers which produce ‘seams’ . These ‘seams’ run down the frontage which draws attending to the slanted steel supports. The steel mesh which protects the glass is slightly unexpected because there is no demand for protection of the glass although criminalism in Peckham country is really high. The steel mesh is a Sambesi450 merchandise which is made from unstained wire overseas telegrams and rods which are an norm of 7mm midst and weigh approx. 11.2 kg/ m? . Steel is besides used in the slanted rods which support the overhang. Even though I believe that these stuffs where chosen to do the construction lively, playful and absorbing, chiefly because Mr Aslop wanted to pull and pull peoples’ attending so they would get down interweaving with the Library, I besides believe that the stuffs used were intended to stand the trial of clip and survive Acts of the Apostless of hooliganism and inauspicious conditions conditions in Peckham country. Water. Water is a colourless, transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the footing of the fluids of life beings. Information about the H2O and the pipes in Peckham library edifice could non be found, as the people in the library stated that such information is confidential. Alternatively, I found the program of flat four of the edifice and searched for the lavatories. This is where the pipes are more likely to be. The H2O in Peckham Library is black H2O, which means that it is used merely in the sanitation system of the edifice, as the library does non supply other countries that H2O is needed. ( Plan of degree five that illustrates where the lavatories situated in the edifice ) Energy. Energy is the power derived from the use of physical or chemical resources, particularly to supply visible radiation and heat or to work machines. â€Å"Energy can non be created nor destroyed within a system† . Energy can be used for transit, or the industry, or for residential and commercial grounds. There are plentifulness of energy types: 1 ) Oil 2 ) Nuclear 3 ) Solar 4 ) Wind power 5 ) Geothermal 6 ) Hydropower 7 ) Fuelwood 8 ) Coal 9 ) Natural gas ( Picture of fuel ingestion ) Peckham Library has heat demand of 369. ( This information was received from DeMAP ) First the window facade of the edifice is made out of Vanceva Interlayer Colours Windowss. They are made out of different colored beds assembled between beds of clear glass. Therefore when the heat approaches the glass it is redirected back into its environment, which means it provides a good thermic insularity. Second the Cu, which the edifice is made from, is by and large considered to be a good sender of heat, this suggests that the edifice is good stray, nevertheless non all heat is kept in ; some of it is released back to the ambiance. The window frontage is made out of four beds, hence as the heat approaches the glass it is redirected back into its environment, that means it provides a good thermic insularity. Energy within the edifice is used in the signifier of electricity. It is used chiefly for illuming, but for the machines as good ( computing machines, lifts, warmers, run offing machine and automatic doors ) . The energy comes from a generator, which is situated at the back side of the edifice. ( Energy beginnings in a modern edifice ) Recycle. Recycling is a procedure to alter stuffs ( waste ) , into new merchandises to forestall waste of potentially utile stuffs, cut down the ingestion of fresh natural stuffs, cut down energy use, cut down air pollution ( from incineration ) and H2O pollution ( from landfilling ) by cut downing the demand for â€Å" conventional † waste disposal, and lower nursery gas emanations as compared to plastic production. In architecture, recycling chiefly means the reuse of energy, but it can besides intend the reuse stuffs, such as glass bottles can be used to do a wall, or coins can be used for doing floorings. Peckham Library has one recycle bin and one general waste bin on the 4th floor. It doesn’t seem to actuate people to recycle, even though the room has some postings about recycling. There are besides general waste bins and recycle bins at the plaza country. When I visited the library, the flood lamps were on, even during the twenty-four hours. Ironically Southwark Council has published suggestions for low cost ways to be green yet the big cantilever makes the infinite below devoid of sunshine, even on cheery yearss. Harmonizing to a web log reexamining sustainable edifices, the inundation visible radiations cost an estimated ?4,800 a twelvemonth in energy costs. ( Picture of bins on the left side of the library ) Synthesis. Synthesis is the combination of constituents or elements to organize a affiliated whole. The construction of the edifice is a synthesis of two rectangles. Mr Alsop wanted to do something that is attention-getting and really hard to lose. The most obvious structural characteristic of the edifice is the big overhang which is supported by thin, slanted metal columns. From the exterior it appears that the library floor is balanced 12m in the air by the poles and the remainder of the edifice is steadfastly grounded. ( Picture of the combination of the forms of the edifice ) The construction on the interior of the Library is instead interesting. It seems that there are three smaller edifice inside the edifice, in which you can acquire inside and read. ( Picture of programs and lift of the edifice ) The stairway at the dorsum of the edifice is really unusual ; it is made out of concrete, metal and glass. The glass is placed in the center of the stairss so it allows the visible radiation through the whole back portion of the edifice. ( Picture of the synthesis of the stepss ) What I would change/add. If I had a pick to alter something in the edifice I would add a little coffeehouse at one of the three cods or at the roof. I believe that it would be a good thought and that it would pull even more people than it does now. Peoples would hold the opportunity to loosen up and bask a cup of java or tea while they read or relax. Decision. Peckham Library is a public edifice that attracts many people and gives a opportunity to larn about different civilizations and civilizations. This undertaking managed to convey a positive promotion to the country and attract people to come and see it. That has a positive affect non merely at the economic state of affairs of the country, but at the cultural every bit good. Peoples exchange sentiments, learn from each other fitting new people and they broaden their skylines. Beginnings: Voyager Magazine, Archello, KME, The Guardian, Building.co.uk, Website: Southwark Council, Website Physics, User Peckham2 on tumblr, Wikipedia, Website: Recyclart, Website: Coevals of Energy-Efficient Patio Houses With GENE_ARCH, Peckham’s Library file about the library, DeMAP, pictures from Google,

Abortion and Infanticide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abortion and Infanticide - Essay Example Further, he goes on to say he is forced to conclude that abortion and infanticide are morally acceptable. By the condition an organism must have, it could be suggested that he means it possesses properties which give the right to life. He suggests both at the beginning and end of the essay, that species other than humans may actually satisfy the condition, or possess the properties that thus give them the right to life. If we accept this to be the case, thinking about the basic moral principles applied to right to life, then how humans treat animals is morally indefensible. Some philosophers might reason that that destroying other creatures as a means to survival of the human race is morally ethical. The potentiality principle described by the writer explains that the gradual and continuous development from zygote to human adult suggests that there is a property that is (i) possessed by human adults and (ii) gives any organism possessing this property a serious right to life. For any organism to have this right the property, it should be there on continuous basis instead of being gained during the course of life. So if any properties exist which satisfy (i) and (ii), possession of at least one of these means that any organism potentially possesses that property, because of its potentiality, (that it will come to have it during its development) then a right to life exists. The conservative standpoint does not need to define the properties, just the knowledge that adult humans possess them gives any human organism a right to life - the potential is there already. Abortion

Native English Teachers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Native English Teachers - Essay Example It has been seen that there are problems with the varying standards for native speakers teaching in higher education in foreign countries. The main issue is the acceptance of a criteria for standardization and qualifications necessary for teaching English. Further, once the standards are established, there is a need to define a process for assessing the English teachers' performance and qualifications. Also, the English teachers' professional growth and career development are needed to be defined and actively pursued by the school authorities. The current study is therefore aimed at evaluating the standards and qualifications of English Teachers and in assessing what are the current and future gaps in qualifications and requirements. Native English speakers are increasingly facing challenges due to the globalization of the language. English is no longer one language or a language owned by one country alone. With the advent of globalization and media liberalization across the world, English has become a language of communication for people with different mother tongues and dialects (Burns, 2005). English is used not only with different accents but with innumerous nuances and local additions to it. Under the circumstances, there is a need for the Native English teachers to move away from the mindset of being a simply a teacher of the language to become some one who himself learns the concepts and traditions of the local people. Thus, an immediate requirement for the Native English teacher trainings is to include content on local usage of English, as well as on the local cultural and social environment. This requirement can however be met only by the consent of the authorities who develop and sanction training and content material for the English teachers, and this may require time spent on obtaining field data or in evaluating the scope of such an approach. However, there is another approach that the teachers themselves can follow in order to be able to teach better in a global educational environment. This is by adopting a reflective approach to teaching instead of using a

Google's Organizational Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Google's Organizational Culture - Essay Example As the paper stresses HRM and leadership are thought to be the organizational sectors that have involved more in the development of Google through the years. However, in case of Google the existence of a HR strategy cannot be considered as the only reason for the success of the firm. In fact, it seems that most organizational policies (also those related with the firm’s HR department) have been appropriately designed and implemented throughout the particular organization. The terms of the HR policy applied by Google can be viewed as included in a general scheme in which ‘a stable income base is provided with more equal and annually increasing monthly wages, while competitive incentives for better performance are offered in the form of more drastically varied biannual bonuses’. Generally, it could be stated that apart from leadership, a significant factor towards the success of Google has been its employees. In this context, in order to evaluate the success of the firm either in the short and the long term, we should examine the performance of its employees. Indeed, the study of Ramlall   led to the conclusion that ‘it is only through performance measuring that one can really articulate the benefits of HR strategies in achieving the organizations business strategy and in the process enhance the credibility of the HR profession’. The importance of employees for the success of the business is also supported by Lawler et al.   who noticed that ‘the greatest benefits occur when HR is a strategic business partner that fully participates in both the development and implementation of strategy’. In other words, only in firms where the HR strategies have a primary position in the firms’ daily operation the growth of the specific businesses can be expected to be high.  

RFID and the safety concerns of consumers Essay

RFID and the safety concerns of consumers - Essay Example RFID systems are also faster and more secure than other Auto-ID technologies. Even though RFID tags were invented in 1969 and patented in 1973, the technology is now becoming technologically and commercially viable (Brito, 2005). Understanding the RFID devices and how they work is critical for analyzing privacy issues that surround this technology. The main components of an RFID system are a chip/tag, reader, and database. A reader scans the tag for data and sends the information to a database, which stores the data contained on the tag. The chip or the tag is usually made of silicon and it contains information about the item to which it is attached. A chip is used by retailers and manufacturers to identify consumer goods that may contain an Electronic Product Code (â€Å"EPC†). EPC chips are encrypted with a unique product code that identifies the individual product to which it is attached, and can be read using radio frequency. These codes contain the type of data that product manufacturers and retailers will use to track the authenticity and location of goods throughout the supply chain. RFID chip may also contain information other than an EPC, such as biometric data. The antenna attached to the chip is responsible for transmitting information to the reader, using radio waves. Generally, the bigger the antenna, the longer the read range. The chip and antenna together is referred to as a transponder or, more commonly, as a tag. The reader (or scanning device) also has its own antenna, which it uses to communicate with the tag. Readers vary in size, weight, and power, and may be mobile or stationary. Although anyone with access to the proper reader can scan an RFID tag, RFID systems can employ authentication and encryption to prevent unauthorized reading of data. A reader can scan a tag without physically â€Å"seeing† it. Further, RFID readers can process multiple items at one time, resulting in a

Encouragement Of Small Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Encouragement Of Small Business - Research Paper Example One of the ways through which the national governments promote entrepreneurship is by encouraging small businesses through financial incentives, training for small entrepreneurs, providing exposures to such small businesses, and even reserving some government contracts to small businesses. By reserving certain government contracts to small businesses, it offers them an opportunity for growth, expansion, exposure, and even it shields them from competing with large businesses that have massive financial resources that small businesses cannot compete against (Compton, 2009). It is important to note that under the Small Business Act, a small business is defined as a business that is owned and operated by an independent person (S), and it is not a dominant player in the market. This present paper will focus on the encouragement of small businesses by the government through the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), which spells out regulations for government officials when they are making purchases of government’s goods and services. ... Socio-economic considerations of the federal procurement process Broaddus et al. (2009) that the legal framework that is in place requires that the United States government to engage in an efficient and competitive process when it is procuring goods and services. Besides abiding by this legal framework, the government has further instituted various policies in the acquisition process in a bid to promote certain socio-economic objectives. The policies have been aimed at proving more contracting opportunities to vulnerable groups such as small businesses owned by youths, small women-owned businesses, veteran-owned small businesses, and service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses. However, these small businesses are required to abide by the ancillary requirements as stipulated in the law and in executive orders. According to Keyes (2003), the main socio-economic consideration of the federal procurement process is the uplifting of small businesses that are owned by disadvantaged grou p or persons, who face economical and social disadvantages. These businesses have been accorded special status by the Small Business Act in regards to the U.S government procurement process. Therefore, it is more likely for these small businesses to be awarded a government contract since the government aims at improving the social and economic conditions of the people who run the small businesses, their families, and the community at large. Gender is also a factor that is considered in the government procurement process, in order to favor small businesses that are owned and managed by women entrepreneurs who are normally clustered as a disadvantaged group because of the various challenges that they face. Keyes (2003) stated that the consideration of women in the federal procurement

Philosophy of Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophy of Death - Essay Example However, he contradicts with Aristotle by determining exuberance with pleasure. Epicurus explains this with two reasons. The major reason is that pleasure is the only affair of amusement, and practically, value for its intrinsic benefit. Moreover, it resembles Epicurus' ethical hedonism, which is significantly planted upon his intellectual hedonism. Epicurus explains it further by claiming that everything we do, is eventually for the sake of advancing to the state of pleasure for ourselves. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned fact can be apparently justified with the thorough observation of the behavior of infants, who, characteristically adheres pleasure and avoids pain. As of Epicurus, this is true in case of adults as well, but the priorities and beliefs of adults are much more sophisticated in relevancy of the matter that what will bring them pleasure. Hence, when it comes to the adults, it is more difficult to see that this is true. Epicurus states that not all pleasures are exqui site to opt for or not all pains can be prevented, although all pleasures are considered good and all pains are acknowledged as evil. Alternatively, one should determine what lies in one's deep-rooted presumption in terms of pleasure. Moreover, what will compel pleasure in the short-term if doing so will conclusively influence an advance state pleasure, which will last long. (Mitsis Phillip 1988)1 The no subject of harm argument - Epicurus mentions that if death is the phenomenon with its outcome as eradication, then it is nothing to us. Epicurus' main argument for why death is not bad is contained in the Letter to Menoeceus. In that letter, Epicurus summarizes his ethical doctrines and he depicts death as no subject of harm argument. Epicurus questions that if death is bad, for whom would it be bad. Neither for the living things, since they are not dead, and nor for the dead, as they do not exist. The expression of is argument as follows: - If At All, death is annihilation, then the living things are not yet annihilated, as they are alive. Hence, we can conclude that death does not influence the living things. So, death cannot be considered as bad for the living things. Subsequently for something to be bad for someone, that person should be in existence, at least. However, as mentioned earlier the dead do not exist. Therefore, death cannot be considered bad for the dead. Neve rtheless, the conclusion can be computed that death is bad neither for the living nor for the dead. Epicurus supports the no subject of harm argument of his by asserting that if death does not cause pain to somebody when he or she is dead, then it is mere foolishness to allow the fear of it to cause you pain now. The symmetry argument -Another Epicurean argument against the fear of death is symmetry argument, which is recorded by the Epicurean poet Lucretius. He claims that anybody who fears death should think of the time before he or she was born. The past immensity of pre-natal non-existence can be conceived as the subsequent infinity of post-mortem non-existence. However, nature has set up a mirror so that a person can think over his or her future non-existence. Nobody considers eternity of non-existence before his or her birth as a terrible thing. Therefore, should

Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11

Speech - Essay Example The avialability of a male figure in the family is important for the complete development of the children. In a family, the father offers a sense of security to both the children and a mother (Rosenberg & Wilcox, 2006). He assumes the responsibility of assuring everyone in the family that no matter what everything will be okay. According to a report by Children’s Bureau, emphasize fathers provide a sense of physical and economic security that helps in healthy development of the children. He gives a sense of peace to the mother who knows she has someone she can rely on to love and protect her (Vacca, 2013). According to research, families without fathers are likely to suffer economically compared to families with fathers. It implies fathers are important for the economic status of families. In addition, fathers are key factors in the cognitive development of their children. I am certain that those who had a chance to be taught how to read, write or ride a bike by their dads still remember those moments with nostalgia (Strauss, 2014). The presence of a caring father will always be a source of immense of happiness and peace of mind for the whole family. In conclusion, fathers are critical to family stability and healthy development of children. Fathers offer the basic sense of security to the mother and children. They are the male figures for developing children. The presence of fathers at the home is a necessity that we cannot afford to overlook. Vacca, J. J. (2013). The Parenting Process from the Fathers Perspective: Analysis of Perceptions of Fathers about Raising Their Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Best Practice in Mental Health, 9(2),

Relationships between men and women Essay Example for Free

Relationships between men and women Essay It is a fact that household chores have always and still are mainly the womens job in the family. Washing and ironing are definitely thought of as more of womens role because only 18% of couples share this task equally. Men take more of a part in preparing dinner now with 35% claiming it is done equally but still 32% of couples still think it is the woman more. The most even chores among partners is looking after sick family members (45%) and food shopping (52%). 49% of men still do most of the repairs around the house. Relationships have changed and have become a lot more equal between men and women have become a lot more equal than the traditional patriarchal relationship. Men and women are sometimes thought to have very different roles around the house. For example because women are supposed to have a nurturing and kind personality it is thought that they should look after the children, but the man is thought to have a more practical mind and strong so he does DIY and is the main breadwinner. These are called segregated roles. Role conflict is when two or more of a person roles collide to make it impossible to fulfil them properly. For example, a woman could have three separate roles at one time as a mother, a friend and an employee. If she has to spend extra time at work and then has to look after a friend who is upset she may find it hard to find enough time for her family. When men and women stick to their gender segregated roles but make sure they both contribute equally, it is called joint conjugal roles. Young and Wilmott (1973) suggested that the main family form in Britain was the symmetrical family. This is a family that works on joint conjual roles. Their relationship was more democratic or equal Compared with past gender roles decision making and leisure activities were shared more. The family would become a lot more home centred as the men helped out more. This gave them things in common, which caused relationships between spouses to be warmer and more caring. Feminists do not agree with this symmetrical family theory. Feminists claim that it is not truly symmetrical because even if a man helps more, it is still only help and the main responsibility is still the womans. They also think that men will pick and choose their jobs and leave the women with the worst ones. Oakly (1974) is critical of this theory and does not think that the evidence is convincing. A husband that washes up at least once a week is regarded as helpful in the home to Young and Wilmott. She also argues that men that iron a piece of their own clothing, they are a good husband. Oakly thinks that there is no evidence of symmetry in the home even if the woman is employed she still does more housework. Jan Pahl (1989), in her study of money and power in marriages argues that they are still patriarchal. She found that men are more likely to make most decisions when she interviewed 120 married couples in Kent. Although she found that they share more decisions on what to spend the household income on compared to 30 years ago but however she points out that the man is still in charge of the finances and the wifes access to money. This could sometimes leave women and children living in poverty even when the man has a good income. There are a number of factors that have contributed to equality between the sexes including changes to laws such as the sex discrimination act and equal pay rights. These laws ensure equality in the workplace, which changes the way people think and makes women believe that they deserve the same rights at home. Now girls are getting the same standard of education as boys and the same opportunities which means that women are getting good careers that are equal to mens. Also thins like media with soaps and celebrities promoting equality in the home and cost of living makes both partners work contributes to the changing attitudes. Another way of measuring equality instead of domestic labour is through things like decision-making, finance and power in the home.

Gender Gap In Rates Of Offending

Gender Gap In Rates Of Offending To address this statement and draw a conclusion it is necessary to look at changes in society over time, as women have a different role now than they used to. Even though early criminology has often been gender blind, criminologist such as Lombroso and Pollak tried to make a connection with male crime to explain and answer the question why women do not commit as much crime ( Messerschmidt, 1993; Biel, 2008). It was not until feminist criminology came into force that it challenged the masculine nature of criminology, pointing to the repeated negligence and misrepresentation of women. As a result of such critique there was increasing attention to women and girls in criminological theory and research (Messerschmidt, 1993; Walklate, 2005). Additionally as the social role of women began to change, the view of their involvement in criminal behaviour began to change. As a consequence social, biological, economical and psychological explanations have been used to developed and explain why wo men commit crime and why they commit less crime than men. A reliable research finding (Parker and Reckdenwald, 2008) is that women are seen to commit fewer and less serious offences than men, which became known as the gender gap in offending. Recently it has been reported the gap in violent offending has narrowed (Parker and Reckdenwald, 2008; Rennison, 2009). What is unclear is whether the reported convergence is an accurate reflection of changes in violent offending or a manipulation of the data used: official records and self-report offending data. Determination of crime problems among women has been neglected within theoretical and empirical research compared with the crime problem among men. Womens crime, because of its size and character was not perceived as particularly dangerous. An important reason for this could be the fact that even in the earliest historical sources women often appeared as an object of the offence and not as it perpetrators (Messerschmidt, 1998). According to Kilday (2005) much of the history of women remained on the margin of criminological interests. Moreover Kilday (2005) argues that studies that examine women criminals tends to emphasize so called traditional acts of womens deviance such as prostitution, while perception of womens involvement in criminal activity has been dominated by their role as a victim rather than perpetrators of crime . What is more during 18th and 19th century Britain, criminality was highly gendered and focused on class. The vast majority of women who appeared before the court were from the poor and laboring classes, and most female criminals were considered far less threatening and problematic than men. As a consequence when women could not be criminalized in their own right it was thought that they must be influenced by men or by severe personal problems such as poverty (Kilday, 2005). One of the most commonly observed features of the criminological background is that a bulk of crime appears to be undertaken by men and boys (Messerschmidt, 1993). Fundamentally speaking major criminological theories are alarmingly and radically gender-blind. In other words when men and boys have been seen as the normal subjects in criminology the girls and women have attracted the attention of criminology only as a special category that allegedly explains the gender nature of crime (Messerschmitt, 1993) . Lombroso (1911) and Bagnor (1916) (cited in Messerschmitt, 1993; Szczepanik and Pospieszył, 2007) for example argue that women commit less crime due to their different biological make-up. They argue that such a woman is nothing but a man backward in the development. The main evidence for this is their lower weight, height, less body hair and fewer red blood cells. They have argued that the consequence of an organic inferiority is a natural inferiority. Lombroso (1920 cited in Klein,1996) specifies the born female offender as a woman, who is characterized by antagonism to motherhood, increased libido, tendency to immoral life , enjoys a good time, has a tendency to take part in male sport and wear more masculine clothes. They are more likely to be addicted to drugs and alcohol and display hostile behaviour. The most characteristic features of women criminals, they believed, were a bulky jaw, wild eyes, prominent cheeks, thin lips and a nap on the face (facial hair). Apart f rom these masculine traits female offenders also have characteristics typical for females such as cunning, cruelty, vanity and vindictiveness. What is more womens offences are thought to be influenced by male suggestion and that the female has no resistance to this. (Klein, 1996). Bjorqkvist (1994 cited in Howitt, 2009) claims that males and females do not differ in aggressiveness. They only differ in the way in which it is expressed. He further argues that women are physically seen as the weaker sex and are likely to learn different aggression strategies from those seen as the physically stronger sex being men. What is more, much of the feminist literature focuses on power relationships between the sexes. Because women have been restricted to domestic work and child-raising duties, their economic productivity was limited, which contributed to their dependent role. Consequently, because women are relegated to the household, they undergo less socialization experiences and that restricts their activities, whereas men maintain their power and dominance over economic resources and hold a position of power over women (Parker and Reckdenwald, 2008). In addition, Messerschmitt (1986) suggests that through sex-role socialization, the family encourages its own members to adjust and conform to patriarchal ideologies. Furthermore private patriarchy accounts for the degree to which womens activities are restricted and the extent to which female work is unpaid within the family, when linking womens economic status and crime rates (Parker and Reckdenwald, 2008). One aspect of the gender gap in crime that has attracted significant attention within the research community as well as the media is the observation that the gender gap has narrowed somewhat over time ( Parker and Reckedenwald, 2008). Several explanations of this phenomenon have been offered, including legal, social and economical aspects. It was not until 1970 when argument about whether female offences were raising that it became a criminological issue. When Freda Adler (cited in Heidensohn and Gelstohorpe, 2007) argued that female crime rates had been rapidly rising between 1960s and 1970s, she claimed that not only crime rates had changed but patterns of womens offending had also changed to a more masculine style. Women it appeared, were becoming more aggressive and violent, due to the growth of the modern womens movement. Adler (cited in Heidensohn et al, 2007) put forward the theory that liberation in short was the cause of more crime. Granting equal rights to women had allowe d them to take action in many areas of social life by giving them the chance to take on new social roles, which were previously only available exclusively to men. The womens liberation movement brought not only economic independence but also the sense of psychological independence, with women gaining new aspirations and confidence in their own ability. These changes have created conditions conducive to the activation of women in the employment structure which has led to an increase in social status and more aggression in women. However Heidensohon et al. (2007) claims that the visible increase in female offending is that their conviction is mostly for most minor forms of offending which do not include weapons, and further argues that girls behaviour once seen and treated as a welfare issue, is now more criticized, criminalized and punished. It is difficult to determine precisely the extent of crime, due to the limitation arising from the analysis made based solely on official statistical sources made up of Police Recorded Data and British Crime Survey. Determination of the size of womens crime may pose a special kind of difficulty. Firstly, the lack of sufficient empirical data, secondly womens crime is seen to be guided by its own gender-specification. The so called dark figure of crime committed by women may be caused by the fact that the womens crime is usually crime carried out in private. Pollak (1950 cited in Messerschmidt, 1993; Klein, 1996) claim that womens and mens crime are likely to be equal, but because womens biology interacts with certain social conditions their criminality is largely masked . He argues that women can be addicted to crime that can be easily hidden such as shoplifting, thefts by prostitutes, abortion. Consequently the crimes women commit are more often unreported. What is more women are bi ologically more guileful than men and more able to conceal crime (Biel, 2008). Relatively speaking womens offending usually take place in private (e.g. home) while mens offending usually takes place in public (e.g. Theft). Pollak (1950 cited in Messerschmidt, 1993; Klein, 1996) believed that a root cause of low rate crime among women is chivalry in the criminal justice system. Relatively speaking women are treated more leniently than the men and Allans study (1987 cited in Heidensohon et al. 2007) suggests that violent women offenders received more sympathy for serious crimes than men. Also that single mothers and pregnant women were better treated then men. On the other hand Walker (2003 cited in Heidensohon et al. 2007) argues that the fact of pregnancy among female offenders does not affect the weight of the punishment and what is more, it is not seen as ethical or indeed successful. He claims many women achieved only temporary acquittal because of the fact of their pregnancy and were later punished. The structure of the crime committed by women is a reflection of their position, and the role of social and environmental influence. Heimer, (2000) claimed that the most widely endorsed hypothesis in favour of the narrowing of the gender gap is the economical marginalization hypothesis, which states that reduction in the gender gap in crime is an effect of financial instability of women. In other words the need to escape from poverty, economical dependency on man and economic hardship. Moreover expansion in the divorce rate and illegitimacy rates in recent years which have in turn led to more female-headed households where women have greater responsibility for their children resulted in a significant increase in economic pressure on women. Following this Zaplin, (1998) argues that an increase in female offending is a result of increased opportunity for female types of crime. The increase in the rate of female arrests for minor crimes (especially property crimes) reflects not only economic marginalization, but also an increase in opportunity for those crime categories. Relatively speaking females tend to commit crimes that involve little or no criminal skills, and now their range has expanded due to changes in merchandising and credit, which are easily accessible to women as the consumer and head of a family. As a consequence of this women have more opportunities to commit shoplifting, cheque fraud theft and welfare fraud. Another possible explanation according to Zaplin, (1998) is that rises in female arrest is a product of changes in public sentiment and enforcement policies that bring to attention the visibility, reporting and sanctioning of female offenders. Whereas Freda Adler (Heidensohon et al. 2007) argues that female crime rates has been rapidly rising between the 1960s and 1970s , the Home Office claimed that during this time the prison population of women was so low that they thought it may be possible to end womens imprisonment by the year 2000. However along with the new century , there was a very large growth of overall imprisonment rates for women. According to the Home Office study(Hunter, Hearnden and Gyateng, 2009) the following factors had an impact on the rise of the crime rate for women: a growth in the number of women coming before the courts, a rise in the proportion of women getting a custodial sentence and an increase in the length of prison sentences being imposed on women. As an example they state that in 1996-7, 95 per cent of the rise was in effect more women coming before the courts. What is more the Home Office argues that now courts tend to impose harsher sentences on women for less serious crimes. The growth of the crime rate among women may also be due to the impacts of new legislation, which has created new offences, hence it may indicate that the offending rate for women is growing. Another factor influencing the growth of the offending rate in women may be seen in social changes and social attitudes towards particular offences. Szczepaniak and Pospieszył (2008) argue that since the equal opportunity for men and women came into force, women started to be seen not only as a victims of domestic violence but also as perpetrators. What is more, men are now encouraged and willing to talk about and report to the police domestic violence against themselves. Zaplin, (1998) argues that the ability and willingness of women to commit crime is strongly pressured by social control, especially during their formative years. Females are more closely supervised and their misconduct discouraged by negative sanctions. Risk-taking behavior that is rewarded among boys is censured among girls. Careful observation of girls companions reduces the danger for influence by delinquent peers. Even as adults, women find their freedom to explore worldly temptation constricted by social control. Also females are far more likely than males to be motivated by relationship disturbances to commit an offence and they need a higher level of provocation before turning to crime. A sense of danger and threat to significant relationships play a greater role in female offending. If their close relationship with those who commit crime is threatened, they may be unwilling to compromise these relationship by abstaining from crime and therefore take part in criminal activitie s Zaplin,(1998). Despite the fact that the gender gap of offending is narrowing and women commit much more crime than they used to, women are far less likely to be involved in serious crimes, regardless of data sources and level of involvement ( Maguire et al 2007). According to the findings of the Ministry of Justice (2009:15) females aged between 10 and 25 were less likely than males to say they had committed a serious offence (eight per cent compared with twelve per cent). They were also less likely to be classed as frequent offenders (three per cent compared with eight per cent) and less likely to be categorized as serious and frequent offenders (five per cent compared with three per cent). Further findings show that males were more than twice as likely as females to have carried a knife (five per cent compared to two per cent); more males (15 per cent) than females (10 per cent) said they had committed a violent offence (defined as robbery and assault); males were more likely than females to hav e handled stolen goods (22 per cent compared to 16 per cent); and over a quarter of males (26 per cent) had committed at least one of four types of anti-social behaviour, a higher proportion than females (18 per cent). The girls and women who make up the greatest part of the criminal justice workload commit ordinary crimes mostly minor crimes such as theft and fraud, low level drug dealing, prostitution and simple assault against their children or partners. Additionally much of the time, a large majority of these women are associated with men who are without good prospects, are not ambitious and who often themselves are involved in some kind of criminal acts . Consequently these men along with the children are the main focus of these womans lives. The world of these men tends to be an extreme patriarchal one in which women are demoted to subordinate roles, exploited and treated with indifference by their male partners causing the women to lead lives that are often miserable and difficult. Routinely, it is they who are left to cope with the consequence of these mens unsuccessful escapades and the incarceration this can bring Szczepaniak and Pospieszy (2008). Lastly we should note that most of the criminological theories were developed by men specifically to explain male involvement in criminal behaviors. As a consequence it raises the question of whether such theories are useful in explaining female crime or whether female crime can be only explained by so called gendered-specific theories. Therefore some criminologist believe that the traditional theories developed to explain male crime are not well-suited to explain female crime. Zaplin (1998) argues that their andocentric origin, traditional, structural and social process theories are more or less gender neutral. As a consequence these theories may be useful in understanding overall male offending as well as overall female offending. What is more they can be also helpful in explaining why females commit less crime than men. Also he argues that many of the delicate and deep differences between male and female crime patterns may be better explained by gendered approaches. In conclusion it is difficult to find a clear answer to female offending and to the rise of the crime rate among them. Despite many studies and research papers founded on this topic there is still no consensus among professionals. We cannot hide the fact that female criminality is a social phenomenon that has many differences compared with the crime of men. The structure of the crimes committed by women is a reflection of their position, their role in society and environmental influences. Usually women commit crimes which are associated with low risk detection or lower sentences. They do not plan the commission of the crime as male criminals do, rather they use opportunistic situations. Many women scientists involved in the studying of crime and the demoralization among women, explain it as the process of emancipation. Along with gender equality, women began to take action until which recently was reserved only for men. There are also those who blame the new fashion for being strong as a reason for female involvement in crime .As the weaker sex becomes old-fashioned, the so called miming of male behaviour by women allow them to occupy leadership positions in the group.

Female Independence in Catharine Maria Sedgewicks Hope Leslie and Kell

Female Independence in Catharine Maria Sedgewick's Hope Leslie and Kelly Clarkson's Song "Miss Independent" Authors have addressed the topic of female independence in various literary styles, including novels, novellas, and poetry. In our society today, independence for women is one of the main topics of many songs. The concept of female independence has changed over the years; people have gone from frowning upon female independence to celebrating it. Both Catharine Maria Sedgewick and pop singer Kelly Clarkson address female behavior that now, in the 21st century, is typical for many women. In Sedgewick’s Hope Leslie, the title character portrays a young woman that defies her society’s repressive Puritanical standards; she portrays independence, courage, and outspokenness. Clarkson, in her 2003 hit, â€Å"Miss Independent† expresses characteristics common in many females of modern American society; they tend to show independence, self-sufficiency, courage, and determination. Hope, in a way, is an anachronism; she represents characteristics of a 21st century woman, tho ugh living in the 17th century. In Hope Leslie, the typical woman of the repressed 17th century Puritan society portrays a very passive demeanor; she tends to behave in a quiet and humble way. Esther Downing and Mrs. Winthrop exemplify this expected behavior. They are quiet, humble, do not express their opinions, and show domesticity – they are the perfect Puritan female. The title character, Hope Leslie, grew up â€Å"among the strictest sect of the puritans† and due to her upbringing, her loved ones expect that her behavior reflect that of women like Esther and Mrs. Winthrop (127). However, Hope does not adhere to the expectations. She depicts outspokenness, e... ...r Philip, or have any sort of relationship with him whatsoever. Instead, Hope decides that she loves Everell and wants to be with him. Once again, Hope symbolizes how the majority of women would begin to behave as the years progressed. Hope is the 17th century version of â€Å"Miss Independent.† Sedgewick uses Hope to portray a woman that has the characteristics of a typical woman of the 21st century. Hope shows assertiveness, courage, independence, outspokenness, and many other qualities not usual for a Puritan woman during the 17th century. Kelly Clarkson’s â€Å"Miss Independence† represents the average female of the 21st century, especially American women. The concept of female independence has changed drastically over the years, and it continues to change. This 21st century song bears a strong representation of an atypical 17th century female, Hope Leslie.

Free Essays On Shakespeares Sonnet 65 :: Sonnet essays

Analysis of Sonnet 65 Since brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea, But sad mortality o'ersways their power, How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea, Whose action is no stronger than a flower? Oh how shall summer's honey breath hold out Against the wrackful siege of battering days, When rocks impregnable are not so stout Nor gates of steel so strong but time decays? Oh fearful meditation! where, alack, Shall Time's best jewel from Time's chest lie hid? Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back? Or who his spoil of beauty can forbid? Oh none, unless this miracle have might- That in black ink my love may still shine bright. This sonnet shares several similarities in imagery as sonnets 63 and 66, and also to the theme of time and Rome as seen in Spencer's translatory sonnet sequence, _Ruins of Rome by: Bellay_. To best understand this sonnet we must realize to what or whom the pronouns refer to. My explication relies on "their" in line 2 referring to both time and ruin, a theme sustained from sonnet 64. 1-2: 'Only depressing mortality can overturn the tyranny of time and ruin, considering that brass, stone, earth or sea cannot prevent it'. Thus, death is an escape from time and the ruin which it imposes. The second quatrain is reminiscent of the thematic imagery of Rome's susception to time in sonnet 9 of _Ruines of Rome_: "Why were not these Romane palaces / Made of some matter no lesse fime and strong? . . . All things which beneath the Moone haue being / Are temporall, and subject to decay." Echoing the elements in the first line of the sonnet, Shakespeare is iterating the inability to avoid and preve nt time. "Battering days" also shares this imagery as "Time's injurious hand crush'd"; which, to note further, appears as "iniurious time" in Spencer's work. Knowing this, he appeals to dreadful and injurious knowledge in line 9: 'where should we hide time's most precious jewel [our youth] from the vault it is held in'. the reason I believe the jewel to be a symbol of youth stems from sonnet 63, in which time steals "away the treasure of his spring." Spring here, and in many other sonnets of Shakespeare, refers to youth and sexual prime.

The Character Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter :: Nathaniel Hawthorne

Hester Prynne's choice to control the meaning of the scarlet letter transforms her from a shameful and evil person to a compassionate woman. Her refusal to stop wearing the letter proves the letter has a different meaning rather than adultery. Hester Prynne transforms the meaning through her good deeds and deserved redemption. After some time, society begins to construe the scarlet letter as ?Able? rather than adulteress. From this process Hester creates a passionate identity. The scarlet letter claims Hester Prynne?s past but only she can determine whether it will benefit or hurt her future. Hester Prynne sees herself as a strong and independent woman. She realizes that she has committed a sin, and therefore she refuses to remove the A from her chest. She is determined to change her identity and the Puritan community?s views. For example, Hester Prynne does not attend church, nor does she believe in a religion. She sets herself apart from everyone else and chooses to live on the outskirts of town. Hester Prynne does what she feels is right and intends to wear the A as long as she needs to, to prove she controls the meaning of the scarlet letter and not society. The Puritan community?s views of Hester Prynne change throughout the novel. The community notices that Hester Prynne is a very responsible woman and a good mother. She singularly raises Pearl and makes her own living. Moreover, she sells things to provide for her?s and Pearl?s living costs. Hester Prynne performs many good deeds, such as feeding the poor. The responsibility, independence, and good deeds help change society?s views of Hester Prynne and her scarlet letter. The effects of the scarlet letter lie in the hands of Hester Prynne.

Us Economy After the Civil War

MSS220 US Economy After the Civil War The north and the south both experienced a slight struggle after the Civil War concerning agriculture, commerce and the state of the economy. A southern newspaper out of Augustus County, The Staunton Spectator, offered several articles that gave insight as to what the conditions were like after the war had ended. One article, â€Å"Grape Culture† explained the possible profit one could obtain by adding grapes to their normal crops. Grapes were extremely expensive when fully grown since they were used mostly for wine.Although farmers were not skilled enough to make the wine themselves, they could sell the grapes and make a total of 400-500 dollars per acre after purchasing seeds for less than 100 dollars. This article shows that most agriculture in the south was not as profitable as it was before the war. The push to increase agricultural revenue shows that this was a time of struggle. Another article, â€Å"Our Town and Its Business† stated that the farmers had been doing well and making some profit despite the poor conditions that followed the war.It described the south as thriftier than ever, with more energy and industry than they had before the war. The article â€Å"Home Industry† pushed the notion of making their own products at home in the south rather than supporting the north and sending away for household items. Both articles seemed optimistic and supported the idea that southern industry would become stronger in the future. The Valley Spirit was a newspaper from the north in Franklin County, whose articles provided the same insights.One article â€Å"The Coming Crops of this Country† explained that the year before had not been very profitable but that in the coming harvest, conditions were ideal. The crops would have a much higher yield than the year before, leading to much more revenue for northern farmers. This article shows the northerners had high hopes for larger profits than the preceding year and for agricultural prosperity. Another article â€Å"Business in Chambersburg† urged farmers to do their business locally rather than in larger cities. Buying produce from local stores costs just as much as it did in the larger cities . It was also heaper to buy products in bulk from the local stores since discounts were given when products were bought in larger quantities. Again, the article shows that saving money was of high interest to the northerners and that local support was needed. Both newspapers show that the economy all over the country was not as strong as it was before the war. They both seem to focus on the increase of agricultural profit, saving money and an optimistic outlook on the future. Though the articles showed that the north and south did not want to support each other, it was obvious that they were going through the same struggles.

Gender Studies: Mocking Jay

John J January 20, 2012 Gender Studies Mockingjay â€Å"Katniss will pick whoever she thinks she can’t survive without† (Collins 329). In this passage Gale and Peeta are talking to each other while Katniss over hears them. They are in the middle of their mission on capturing president Snow. They think that Katniss is asleep, while Gale says Katniss will pick whoever she thinks she can’t survive without. Katniss conforms to gender stereotypes by being confusing, indecisive, flirty and playing two different people.Katniss shows affection for both Gale and Peeta and confuses both of them throughout the novel on which one she actually loves. Stereotypically, women are confusing people that males can’t understand. This is mostly the case for Peeta getting sent many mixed messages which I think can be common IRL (In real life). Katniss is indecisive and plays both Gale and Peeta. Although judging by this quote Gale is basically saying she will choose Peeta, beca use Katniss says she can’t live without Peeta. Katniss follows gender stereotypes.Also I find that katniss is not really trying to be manipulative she is just indecisive she can both seem similar, just Katniss has no bad pretentions. Although I think both are stereotypes. Katniss is unsure throughout most of the series until it comes it to question saving someone or killing someone. Katniss never really knows what to do until for example, saving Prim or killing Snow. She never knows whether to fall for Gale or fall for Peeta. She does not know what to do in District Thirteen and does not know what to do in the games or choosing teammates for the games.

Evaluation of Software Industry in Bangladesh Essay

Chapter-I: Introduction 1. Origin of the Study The MBA program of DIJ requires that each student complete an internship attachment period of at least 10 to 12 weeks with an organization and submit a report on the basis of it. Considering the fast pace of the software industry today, I am working one of the youngest and brightest organization in the industry, Hello Dacca, as my place of internship. There is a lot of speculation regarding the future of the software industry, in general. With the little bit of healthy competition that the industry had been lacking till now, it is no doubt that the consumers would soon egin feel its affect in the form of lower prices and more packages to choose from. However, it remains a doubt as to which companies would Just survive and which companies would thrive and prosper. Hence, I chose to carry out a comparative analysis of the prospects and challenges of software companies in Bangladesh, with particular emphasis on the future prospects of Hello Dacca Pvt. Ltd. 1. 1 Watershed of the Software Industry In 1955, the world’s first software company was formed in the United States. Now, more than half a century later the software market has entered a period of drastic change. Many information processing functions found in packaged software has been transferred to the Web, and the use of open source software (OSS) has become widespread. There are also strong signs that â€Å"Software as a Service† (SaaS) will assume a greater prominence. These developments go beyond a mere discussion of whether to charge fees or to choose between packaged software or contracted development, or to use open source or proprietary software; they have shaken the software industry to its very foundation. Will the software industry continue to develop as a high-tech industry, or will creative destruction occur and a new industry rows from the ashes? Perhaps the industry will disappear altogether and become just another business service like embedded software? Tim O’Reilly describes three long-term trends in the evolution of software: (1) commoditization, (2) network collaboration, and (3) SaaS 2. History & Definition of the Software Industry Software Industry consists of that part of computer programming activity that is traded between software-producing organizations and corporate or individual software consumers. Traded software represents only a fraction of domestic software activity, whose extent cannot be reliably estimated, since much computer rogramming takes place within firms and its value is not captured by the industrial census or software industry analysts. According to the industry analyst INPUT, in 2000 the U. S. market for traded software was $138 billion (Table 1). The U. S. software in the year 2000 were $259 billion, according to the trade publication Software Magazine. The traded software industry consists of three main sectors: programming services, enterprise software products, and shrink-wrapped software products. These three sectors became established in the mid-1950s, the mid-1960s, and the late 970s, respectively, in response to the technological opportunities and the business environment of the time. The most successful firms developed specialized capabilities that enabled them to prosper within their sector; however, this specialization made it difficult to move into other sectors, and very few firms have been successful in more than one software sector. It should be noted that the software industry is not confined to independent software vendors, but also includes computer manufacturers such as 18M, Unisys, and NCR who supply programming services and software products alongside their hardware offerings and are among he largest software suppliers. These are sometimes referred to as â€Å"captive† markets because computer users have relatively little choice in the supplier of basic operating software for corporate systems. 2. 1 Programming Service The first commercial electronic computers†usually known as â€Å"mainframes†Ã¢â‚¬ were sold in the early 1950s. They were very expensive, typically renting for $100,000 a year. Most computer-owning corporations undertook their own program development and operations, for which they maintained a staff of up to thirty or forty individuals. This was not a disproportionate expense in relation to the overall costs of unning a computer. By the mid-1950s, however, mainframe prices had fallen significantly, and computer use diffused rapidly†the national computer stock rising from 240 mainframes in 1955 to over four thousand by 1960. Owners of these more moderately priced computers were often unwilling to recruit a permanent programming staff, preferring instead to commission programs from software contractors. Many of the early programming services firms were established by programming entrepreneurs to satisfy this demand. The first such firm, the Computer Usage Corporation (CUC), was incorporated in New York in 1955 by two ormer IBM programming employees, and the firm initially specialized in developing technical applications for the oil and engineering industries. The capital barriers to software contracting were (and remain) very low, and it was often said that all one needed was â€Å"a coding pad and a pencil. † The most important capability was the technical knowledge of the principals, usually acquired through working with a computer user or manufacturer. Several dozen firms entered the programming services industry in the second half of the 1950s. In a majority of cases, the firms pecialized in particular technical applications, or within a vertical market such as financial services, retail, or manufacturing. A very different type of entrant came into programming services in the mid-1950s, specializing in the construction of very large programs that were beyond the technical capability of even the largest and most sophisticated users. The first firm of this kind was the Systems Development Corporation (SDC), a subsidiary of the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica. SDC was incorporated in 1956 to develop the programs for the giant SAGE air-defense system. more than a million computer instructions. SDC employed several hundred programmers, estimated at the time to be perhaps halfof the nation’s programming manpower. SDC also trained hundreds of individuals to become programmers. There was, however, a rapid turnover of staff, as experienced programmers left for more remunerative employment in the private sector. At the time, SDC was hailed as the â€Å"university for programmers† and it was said that in the 1960s, SDC alumni were to be found in almost every major software firm in the country. SAGE was a â€Å"real-time† system, in which the computer lay at the heart of an information system that esponded instantaneously to external events. As the U. S. government deployed more and more real-time defense systems in the late 1950s and 1960s, systems integrators such as TRW, MITRE, General Electric, Wasting house, Hughes Dynamics, and Lockheed began to develop expertise in software construction. Real-time technologies were hugely expensive to innovate but once established by the military, they quickly diffused into the civilian sector in applications such as airline reservations and on-line banking. When Europe and the rest of the world began to catch up in the 1960s, American independent software firms and the programming ervices operations of computer manufacturers had a strong first-mover advantage. By the late 1960s, the most successful of the start-up software contractors had become significant firms. For example, by 1967 CUC had 700 employees, offices in twelve U. S. cities, and annual sales of$13 million. CUC, and firms like it, now offered a broad range of computer services that went well beyond program writing. Another firm, the Computer Sciences Corporation of El Segundo, California, established in 1959 by five programmers to write software for computer manufacturers, grew to ecome one of the largest computer services firms in the world (which it remains, with revenues in 2000 of$9. 4 billion, and sixty-eight thousand employees worldwide). Nonetheless, giant firms are the exception and the programming services industry is remarkably lacking in concentration. By the late 1960s there were several hundred programming services firms, but less than fifty of them had as many as a hundred employees.

Philosophy of Literacy Essay

One thing I will never forget in my Life is the miles I walked to School. I can still remember those muddy and dusty roads I walked just to get to School. Sometimes I have to Stay all day without food and water not just because I wasn’t hungry or thirsty but because my parents had no money to buy them. I did not only walk to school but I did walk without shoes or slippers on. Walking was very normal because we had no cars. There was absolutely no means of transportation. I was just 4 years old when I started walking to School. I had always admired my teachers and all the people who could read and write. I just loved the way they talked to people. I enjoyed listening to them. School to me was a source of Hope that my life will change and it did changed my life. Without me going to school, I would have still been in Africa or may be dead. I was able to get a scholarship from Africa through my school to the United States and here am I living the dreams of my life. So if I can walk about 6 miles on those muddy and dusty roads just to get to school each day, anyone can go to School if they really want to. Defining literacy in our changing world is not easy. Several years ago, being literate meant being able to read and write a little. Now, being literate means being able to read and write at a level to be successful in today’s world and also being proficient at math, knowing how to use technology, and knowing how to solve problems and make decisions. To me, the power of literacy lies not only in the ability to read and write, but rather in an individual’s capacity to put those skills to work in shaping the course of his or her own life. There are basically three kinds of literacy I know. The first one is called Functional literacy which refers to the ability to read and write well enough to understand basic written information such as Newspaper headlines, Job application forms and Signs. Functional literacy incorporates reading materials that relate directly to community development and to teaching applicable or useful life skills. This to me is the most important of all the kinds of Literacy. The second one is Cultural Literacy. Cultural literacy is the ability to engage with a culture not only as a result of rote learning like the technicalities of the language, customs and so on; but also as a result of a deeper understanding of the idioms and informal content of that culture. Although literature, language and history are useful means of gaining a deeper understanding of a culture, these alone are not sufficient if one wants to attain a state of cultural literacy: it is equally, important to be able to converse using the common-day phrases and cultural references that are used by natives of that culture. One common example of this is the US comedy series â€Å"The Simpsons†. Someone who has no cultural literacy regarding the US would have trouble understanding many of the jokes, while if the show suddenly made lots of jokes about Chinese culture, for example, many in the US audience would be equally perplexed. Another example is that when the US was trying to persuade France to support its cause in the War of Independence in the 18th century, many learned diplomats were sent to Paris, but were unsuccessful. Benjamin Franklin was eventually sent and although he did not know the French language very well, Franklin had an understanding of French culture and he was successful in his mission. The last kind of literacy is Critical Literacy. Critical literacy is not culture specific. It is associated with a broad range of ideas and perspectives rather than with one viewpoint. Critical literacy refers to the ability to recognize the social essence of literacy, understand the fundamentally political nature of literacy and to be able to figure out the agenda of the writer or a text. Literacy is an important indicator of development and status. It provides access to information necessary for growth and decent living. It also provides an account of the socio-economic condition of an individual and his/her family. On the other hand, illiteracy stands for ignorance, defeatism, frustration and lack of aspiration. Literacy and education generate hope, aspiration and ability to move forward. Without you being a functional literate, you won’t be able to know about what is going on around you. Life will be miserable and fustrating. Imagine a driver who doesn’t understand the rules and laws of the road. You will not be able to look for a job for yourself because you don’t even know where to look for it. Literacy in my opinion, involves more than just being able to read a string of letters and understand its meaning. However, a literate person must also be able to recreate those letters from memory and string them along in such a way that meaning is conveyed accurately and efficiently. This ability to write is just as essential to the definition of literacy as the ability to read is. Without it, a person’s freedom is impinged upon; a person is left exposed to realities created by others without having the ability to refute them; much less the ability to create a new one. Again, in my opinion, a person without the ability to write is nothing more than an answering machine – a receiver of messages without the power to create his/her own recorded message. Literacy is very important in our society today. To me those who can read Shakespeare’s books are the same as those who can read a simple website. A literate remains a literate. Imagine living in a country where the President can neither read nor write. I here by mean that, if you are not literate, you are indirectly punished because you can’t occupy important positions of responsibility. No one would trust your judgment. It is better to be the kind of person everyone likes to listen to when you talk, rather than to be the kind of person who has nothing to say and even if you have something to say, no one will like to listen to you. I’m convinced it is time everyone starts to go to school to be able read and write. You can change your life and live the dreams of your life. If I could walk 6 miles each day to School, you can do it.

Define what is meant by industrialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Define what is meant by industrialization - Essay Example This could be denoted as sustained economic expansion based on division of labor, factory production, deliberation of industries and people in certain geographical regions, and urbanization. For example, industrialization is at a time when a nation produces infrastructure that can assist industry (Kiely 4). This is wide and can be the construction of rails, roads, airports or industries/factories. Historically, the industrialization procedure involves the development of the secondary subdivision in an economy at first dominated by primary-sector practices (Kiely 4). Industrialization has a huge influence on several aspects of a certain nation and/ or urban (Kiely 4). It generally gives jobs for population and therefore augments the economy, but with the fresh technology of current universe industrialization also refers to new technology which substitutes the people that used to be in charge for a given occupation (Sutton 1-2). The policies of periphery and core have converged about industry for overseas export got from the Caribbean. All the way through the CBI (Caribbean Basin Initiative), America has tried to stimulate manufacturing venture in and exports from Caribbean region (Sutton 1-2). To accomplish this, the US has provided manufacturers situated in Caribbean Basin nations special entrance to its markets. Development is normally acknowledged as a complex multifaceted procedure of political, social, environmental, economic and cultural transformation that results in boosts in the well-being of citizens and widens their rights and options in the current without compromising the capacities of future populations to enjoy these advantages (Sutton 1-2). In the Caribbean the social, economic, and political entities of growth have held centre phase in the previous fifty years. Characteristically they have been and are provided in

First Tennessee Bank (First Horizon National Corp) - Organizational Research Paper

First Tennessee Bank (First Horizon National Corp) - Organizational Behavior - Research Paper Example Organizational behavior is an integral aspect of various successful businesses. For a more precise understanding of the organizational behavior at FTB, it is important to identify certain norms and characteristics that determine the aspects of the regional bank. Some of these characteristics of organizational behavior include, firstly, attitudes and values of employees for example company culture, social responsibility and others. Secondly, motivation and performance, which encompass factors like, job security, bonuses, raises, and employee mentoring programs. Thirdly, managerial challenges for example global competition. The three factors play a significant role in shaping FTB’s organizational culture (Marquis& Huang, 2010). Employee work rate is governable by their perception or attitude towards the job they do. Such attitudes are achievable through values and ethics that dictate the manner in which organizational operations remain executed. Upholding workplace values and ethical practices ensures that there is no friction between the leadership of organizations and the junior employees. At FTB, the following are prevalent: Differentiated customer service considers the customer’s identities, in that, services are offered to customers automatically via a software system. An example is telematics, which is a component of information technology that deals with the transfer of digitized organizational information over long distances. FTB entered into a partnership with Ensenta Corporation, a software development organization. FTB is devoted to improving convenience for its customers and at the same time enhancing efficiency within the bank’s workforce. Therefore, Ensenta assists in achieving this goal by refining the remote deposit capture (RDC) service offered to customers. RDC is an information technology system that allows bank clients to scan checks from their diverse locations and send the images to FTB remotely through the

Report on The Rose Theatre Kingston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Report on The Rose Theatre Kingston - Essay Example Purposes that qualify a Trust to be a registered charity are â€Å"to promote, maintain, improve and advance education, particularly by the encouragement of the arts including the arts of drama, mime, opera, ballet, music, singing, dance, literature, sculpture and painting† (CC, 2010b and 2010c). To achieve this, The Rose plays an important role, which also justifies entering into funding and working partnerships with the Royal Borough of Kingston Upon Thames Council and Kingston University. The Rose is the â€Å"research laboratory† for the University, specifically its postgraduate Masters degree course in Classical Acting. The Rose is likewise the source of economic activity and the social and cultural revitalization of the surrounding communities (Rose, 2010a). According to its latest (2009) financial report, the agreements signed in 2008 with these groups guarantee annual funding of  £900,000 towards a yearly budget of  £2.3 million. Some of the Trustees are likewise from the University and the Council, helping the Trust secure funding from the Arts Council (CC, 2010d). The Rose Theatre’s executives are industry veterans Sir Peter Hall (Director Emeritus) and Stephen Unwin as Artistic Director and CEO. David Jacobs, Life President, is a retired broadcas ter. These three report to the 20-member Board of Trustees, whose task is to guarantee the execution of the charity’s strategies and purposes. Given its purposes, The Rose wants to attract people from surrounding communities of Kingston Upon Thames to watch performances. It also wants tourists from outside Kingston to patronize its shows. Among those in the community, The Rose wants a wide range of customers coming from a broad range of economic capabilities, from low-budget students to middle- and upper-class local and neighbouring residents and tourists. This is the primary

JPMorgan Chase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

JPMorgan Chase - Essay Example The Commission enforces its authority also by bringing â€Å"civil enforcement actions† against those who violate the securities laws (SEC, n.d.). On the other hand, the SEC as an overseer, watches over â€Å"the key participants in the securities world,† which include â€Å"securities exchanges, securities brokers and dealers, investment advisors, and mutual funds† and heads in advancing â€Å"the disclosure of important market-related information, maintaining fair dealing, and protecting against fraud† (SEC, n.d.). The SEC also persistently works with the participants of the major market as well as investors in the securities markets to take note of their concerns and experiences (SEC, n.d.). The primary responsibilities of the Commission include: interpreting and enforcing â€Å"federal securities laws†; issuing â€Å"new rules and amending existing rules†; overseeing the examination of â€Å"securities firms, brokers, investment advisers , and ratings agencies†; overseeing â€Å"private regulatory organizations in the securities, accounting, and auditing fields†; and coordinating â€Å"U.S. securities regulation with federal, state, and foreign authorities† (SEC, n.d.). The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) on the other hand, is mandated â€Å"to regulate commodity futures and option markets in the United States† (US CFTC, n.d.). ... 2. Determine the elements of a valid contract, and discuss how consumers and banks each have a duty of good faith and fair dealing in the banking relationship. The elements of a valid contract are â€Å"parties competent to contract, a proper or lawful subject matter, consideration, mutuality of agreement or assent, and mutuality of obligation† (Henke v. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 83 F.3d 1445 (D.C. Cir. 1996); Foundation Telecommunications, Inc. v. Moe Studio, Inc., 341 Ark. 231, 16 S.W.3d 531 (2000); Mallory v. City of Detroit, 181 Mich. App. 121, 449 N.W.2d 115 (1989); Rhode Island Five v. Medical Associates of Bristol County, Inc., 668 A.2d 1250 (R.I. 1996). It may also be â€Å"offer, acceptance, and consideration† (Gatlin v. Methodist Medical Center, Inc., 772 So. 2d 1023 (Miss. 2000); Sauner v. Public Service Authority of South Carolina, 354 S.C. 397, 581 S.E.2d 161 (2003); Shaw v. Smith, 964 P.2d 428 (Wyo. 1998). In every contract, there is always â€Å"an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing† (Lloyd Noland Foundation, Inc. v. City of Fairfield Healthcare Authority, 837 So. 2d 253 (Ala. 2002); Wells Fargo Bank v. Arizona Laborers, Teamsters and Cement Masons Local No. 395 Pension Trust Fund, 201 Ariz. 474, 38 P.3d 12 (2002), as corrected, (Apr. 9, 2002)), where â€Å"neither party shall do anything† which would destroy or injure â€Å"the right of the other party to receive the fruits of the contract† (Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc. v. PBL Consultants, 136 Ariz. 415, 666 P.2d 515 (Ct. App. Div. 2 1983); Okun v. Morton, 203 Cal. App. 3d 805, 250 Cal. Rptr. 220 (2d Dist. 1988); Dunfee v. Baskin-Robbins, Inc., 221 Mont. 447, 720 P.2d 1148 (1986); Spanish Oaks, Inc. v.

Cultural anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cultural anthropology - Essay Example The two techniques facilitate a society to attain similar quantities of proteins continuously, though gathering one utilizes less energy since it entails collecting edible foodstuffs from the field where the coverage may not be too wide (Wilson & Wilson, 2007). Conversely, hunting entails crossing terrains in search of animals meant for hunting, hence entailing high-energy utilization. However, both gathering and hunting provide the societies with a wide range of selection of proteins even in times of paucity, which maintains high protein outcomes to evade starvation (Park, 2007). Contrastingly, hunting and gathering result in labor specialization among the communities where each task’s allocation depends on the gender. For illustration, men assume hunting task since it encompasses much energy while the women undertake to gather. Nevertheless, some foraging communities have embraced egalitarianism where no certain gender assigned to a given task, hence resulting in a classless society that does not have social stratification. This emanates from the notion that the main objective is to shun extinction of human species via adaptive modus operandi (Wilson & Wilson, 2007). ... This inclines them adoration, thus religion among the foraging societies that are much rooted in nature (Park, 2007). 1. Hutterites’ organizational structure encompasses that of chiefdom. Since their association is more intricate than a tribe or band but less complex than a state. Hutterites comprises of numerous colonies where a leader together with other key advisory associates makes daily decisions. These verdicts entail how the people in the relevant colonies ought to conduct themselves, hence maintaining peace and unity, which is vital in their regions. The colony’s political makeup and demarcations encompass: 1. Colony 2. Gemein – It is a religious unit comprising all baptized adults. 3. Colony’s executive board constituted of at least five to seven el ders. 4. Council members - They are the architects of day-to-day verdicts in the colony for the populace. 5. Head preacher – He is the link to the external humanity besides being the colony’s economic executive. Hutterites' socialization contrary to other surrounding people ensures that it prepares its people to be compliant, hardworking and reliable adults in the colonies (Wilson & Wilson, 2007). This makes the people productive, thus stabilizing their economy and making their organization more strong. Additionally, social control entails absolute adherence to the set rules and punishment for any defiance that may arise among the colonies. The unforgivable cases encompass murdering and deserting the colony, which yield to excommunication from the colony. 2. The search for reliable information regarding the origin and time of modern language has entailed anthropologists to devote themselves to diverse, intensive studies (Nanda & Warms, 2011).

Suarez rebound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Suarez rebound - Essay Example He is currently, the most prolific hat-tricks scorer in the English Premier League. Prior to joining Liverpool, Suarez was playing for Ajax where he was the captain and League’s top scorer scoring in almost every game he played. Indeed, he is a legend in Ajax having scored his one hundredth Ajax goal in 2011. He joined Liverpool in 2011 on a â‚ ¬23 million transfer fee (Warring web). However, Luis Suarez career has encountered various setbacks that include suspensions and fines for racial discrimination and biting players. Indeed, after biting PSV Eindhovens Otman Bakkal on the shoulder in 2010, he suffered a seven games suspension. He also suffered a 10 games suspension after biting Chelseas Branislov Ivanovic on the arm in 2013 (Warring web). On a different note, Suarez suffered yet another professional blow when he allegedly racially abused Evra and was suspended for 8 games (McClatchy). Seemingly, Luis Suarezs history depict a person with a troubled mind and troubled actions because he always denied these incidents claiming that it is not in his nature to react that way. He claims that such things happen in the field. Notably, biting is an emotional response and hence the need to evaluate Suarez’s mental health (Rumsby and Sutcliffe web). Indeed, Liverpool is already providing support and counseling to Suarez and FIFA is likely to recommend for his me ntal health evaluation in the recent investigations. This will help Suarez to bounce back. As his marketing manager, I have a plan to get public relations going the right direction for this talented and controversial Liverpool and Uruguay striker. Indeed, my main objectives is to change the public’s negative perception on Suarez, present Suarez’s mental troubles, his success, and convince the audience that Suarez will bounce back. This will maintain or increase the value of the player. The target audience for this plan includes the media, Liverpool Football Club, Uruguay

Financial Aid and its Affect on Grade Point Average Research Proposal

Financial Aid and its Affect on Grade Point Average - Research Proposal Example Using an exploratory research design, the researcher will investigate whether merit-based financial support to the students has any considerable effect on the class and exam performances of students or not. Problem Statement The problem statement for the research paper is: "Financial aid plays a significant role in improving the grade point average of first year students of both private and public higher education institutes". Conceptual Framework Aim of the Research Merit-based financial aid programs help both poor and academically brilliant students to study in prestigious institutes and prove their academic skills and potential. Such schemes not only provide a chance for the students with high academic potential to get higher education but also play a valuable role in improving overall class grade point average. The researcher believes that when students having academic brilliance will get a chance to study in high quality educational settings, they will also provide academic supp ort to other students which will consequently increase their GPAs as well. Therefore, the research in this area holds great importance. The aim of this research is to identify whether financial aid programs play a considerable role in improving the academic performances of students or not. The researcher will also examine the structure of financial aid being provided to students in both public and private institutes. The researcher will examine the data collected from 3 public and 2 private institutes and will analyze them to come up with the final stand point. Literature Review There has been some research in the area of student retention and higher education access through the implementation of financial aid programs in higher education institutes. According to Alon, the results of previous researches in this field provided all sorts of effects, which include positive, negative, and mixed (122). However, positive effects overshadow the negative effects as provided by the research. The main reason behind positive effects as provided by Alon in this regard is that students get the time to concentrate on studies instead of finding ways to earn money. A recent research aimed at identifying the effects of financial aid programs found that the retention rate of aid recipients is usually high which may be because of the fact that students like to be the part of the institute which provide them with financial support during the whole duration of the course (Kuh et al. 545). As Curs and Harper state, â€Å"merit-based financial aid has a positive and significant effect on first-year collegiate grade point average† (627). Other researchers studying the effects of both need-based and merit-based financial aid programs have also found that merit-based programs have more significant effects as compared to the need-based programs (Stater 782). Merit-based financial aid programs are also associated with a number of positive outcomes, such as high rate of retention, increased motivation among students, creation of a collaborative learning environment, completion of the study program, and increased academic competition among students (Dynarski 285). Methodology The researcher will perform a deep analysis of the data gathered from 5 public and private